Computing Machinery and Intelligence (Turing Test) (Notes)

"Mind" Vol. 59, No. 246, (Oct. 1950)

Computing Machinery and Intelligence by Alan M. Turing, p. 433-460[1]

Computing Machinery and Intelligence (Turing Test)[2]

People

1. Charles Babbage
2. St. Thomas Aquinas
3. Bertrand Russell
4. Hartree
5. Lady Lovelace
6. Helen Keller
7. Socrates
8. Kurt Gödel

Ideas

1. The Imitation Game
   1. The Human would do poorly at imitating the machine, he would be given away on complex math problems just by how slow or inaccurate his answers are.
   2. The aim is for the machine to convince the Interrogator that it is a Human.
   3. The Human candidate to just act human.
   4. The Interrogator must tell the difference.
      1. If not, the machine passes the test.
2. Describes a Digital Computer
   1. Discrete State vs. Variable State
3. Contrary Argument - Can a machine be intelligent?
   1. Theological
   2. The 'Heads in the Sand' Objection
   3. The Mathematical Objection
   4. The Argument from Consciousness
   5. Arguments from Various Disabilities
   6. Lady Lovelace's Objection
   7. Argument from Continuity in the Nervous System
   8. The Argument from Informality of Behavior
   9. The Argument from Extra-Sensory Perception
   10. Learning Machines

References

1. Godel's Theorem
2. Professor Jefferson's Lister Oration for 1949

Bibliography

1. Samuel Butler, Erewhon, London, 1865. Chapters 23, 24, 25, The Book of the Machines.
2. Alonzo Church, An Unsolvable Problem of Elementary Number Theory, American J. of Math., 58 (1936), 345-363.
3. K. Gödel, Über formal unentscheidbare Satze der Principia Mathematica und verwandter Systeme, I, Monatshefte fuir Math. und Phys., (1931), 173-189.
4. D. R. Hartree, Calculating Instruments and Machines, New York, 1949.
5. S. C. Kleene, General Recursive Functions of Natural Numbers, American J. of Math., 57 (1935), 153-173 and 219-244.
6. G. Jefferson, The Mind of Mechanical Man. Lister Oration for 1949. British Medical Journal, vol. i (1949), 1105-1121.
7. Countess of Lovelace, Translator's notes to an article on Babbage's Analytical Engine, Scientific Memoirs (ed. by R. Taylor), vol. 3 (1842), 691-731.
8. Bertrand Russell, History of Western Philosophy, London, 1940.
9. A. M. Turing, On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem, Proc. London Math. Soc. (2), 42 (1937), 230-265.

Victoria University of Manchester

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